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「彼はどこに住んでいますか」 (Where does he live?) を、 「彼がどこに住んでいるか 知っていますか」 (Do you know where he lives?) のように、 別の文の中に組み込むのが 間接疑問文 です。
ポイント: 間接疑問文 = 疑問詞 + 主語 + 動詞 の順 。 「疑問文を普通の文の中に入れるとき、 形を整え直す」 と覚える。
| 直接疑問文 | 間接疑問文 |
|---|---|
| Where does he live? | I don't know where he lives. |
| What is your name? | Tell me what your name is. |
| Who is that man? | Do you know who that man is? |
| When will the bus come? | Please tell me when the bus will come. |
| Why is she angry? | I don't understand why she is angry. |
| 直接 | 間接 |
|---|---|
| Where does he live? | where he lives (does が消え、 live → lives) |
| When did you come? | when you came (did が消え、 come → came) |
| What is this? | what this is (be 動詞の位置が後ろへ) |
| 主節 | 例 |
|---|---|
| I know 〜 | I know where he lives. |
| I don't know 〜 | I don't know what to do. |
| Do you know 〜? | Do you know when the meeting starts? |
| Tell me 〜 | Tell me what time it is. |
| I want to know 〜 | I want to know why he is here. |
| Please tell me 〜 | Please tell me how to get there. |
| I'm not sure 〜 | I'm not sure who that woman is. |
疑問詞がない (yes / no で答える) 疑問文を間接疑問文にする時は、 if か whether (= 〜 かどうか) を使います。
| 直接 | 間接 |
|---|---|
| Is he a teacher? | I don't know if he is a teacher. |
| Does she like sushi? | Tell me whether she likes sushi. |
| Did you finish the work? | I want to know if you finished the work. |
| Will it rain tomorrow? | I'm not sure whether it will rain tomorrow. |
大事: 疑問詞あり → その疑問詞を使う、 疑問詞なし → if / whether。
主節 (= 文の中心となる動詞) が 過去形 になった時、 従属節 (that 節 や間接疑問文) の動詞も 過去形にそろえる ルールを 「時制の一致」 と言います。
| 英文 | 訳 |
|---|---|
| He says that he is busy. | 彼は忙しいと言っている。 |
| I think that she likes apples. | 私は彼女がりんごを好きだと思う。 |
| I know where he lives. | 私は彼がどこに住んでいるか知っている。 |
| 主節 (現在) | 主節 (過去) |
|---|---|
| He says that he is busy. | He said that he was busy. |
| I think she likes apples. | I thought she liked apples. |
| I know where he lives. | I knew where he lived. |
| She tells me she will come. | She told me she would come. |
| 現在 | 過去 |
|---|---|
| will | would |
| can | could |
| may | might |
| must | had to (must はそのままでも可) |
| 英文 | 訳 |
|---|---|
| He said he would come soon. | 彼はすぐ来ると言った。 |
| I thought I could solve the problem. | 私はその問題を解けると思った。 |
時制の一致をしない例外。
| 英文 | 訳 |
|---|---|
| I learned that the earth is round. | 地球は丸いことを学んだ (普遍の真理) |
| He told me that he gets up at 6 every day. | 彼は毎日 6 時に起きると私に言った (今も続く習慣) |
「彼が何歳か知っていますか。」 → Do you know how old he is?
「私は彼女がどこに住んでいるか知らない。」 → I don't know where she lives.
「彼がどこに行くつもりか教えてください。」 → Please tell me where he will go.
「彼が来るかどうか私にはわからない。」 → I don't know if (whether) he will come.
| 直接 | 間接 (Tell me 〜) |
|---|---|
| Who is that man? | Tell me who that man is. |
| What time is it? | Tell me what time it is. |
| How long does it take? | Tell me how long it takes. |
| Why was she crying? | Tell me why she was crying. |
次章では 形式主語 / 形式目的語 (it ... that, it ... to) を学びます。 長い主語・目的語を後ろにまわす大事な表現です。